KARAKTER ANTI-HERO SEBAGAI COUNTER-HEGEMONI SUPERHERO DALAM FILM DEADPOOL: ANALISIS COUNTER-HEGEMONI ANTONIO GRAMSCI

Authors

  • Muhammad Fathan Zamani Gadjah Mada University
  • Abi Ihsanullah Gadjah Mada University
  • Badri Badri Gadjah Mada University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53873/culture.v8i2.264

Keywords:

Hegemony, Counter-hegemony, Ideology, Deadpool Movie, Antonio Gramsci

Abstract

Myth is an essential part in superhero roles. In modern superhero acts, a character may possess more than one myth. Thus, this portrayal is an ideal power to create supremacy. An author, even a director could employ the newly-created myth to overcome hegemonic power. As stated in Gramsci, there is an instrument to control, even surpass ideology. In the Deadpool 1 & 2 movie, the myth of superheroes is interpreted as the instrument of hegemony. The aims of this study are to find out what kind of superhero hegemony that will be countered in the Deadpool movie, what are the counter hegemony element in the Deadpool movie, and how are the Deadpool’s effort and his preparations doing ideological battle against the superhero existence. This research uses hegemony and counter-hegemony theory according to Antonio Gramsci. This research applies descriptive qualitative method. The findings are Deadpool’s act of violence and his merc-with-mouth assuming his role as an anti-hero. However, Deadpool finally encountered the existing myth of superheroes ideologically. Unexpectedly, Deadpool offers a solution to the existing hegemony.

Author Biographies

Muhammad Fathan Zamani, Gadjah Mada University

Master of Literary Studies Gadjah Mada University

Abi Ihsanullah, Gadjah Mada University

Master of Literary Studies Gadjah Mada University

Badri Badri, Gadjah Mada University

Master of Literary Studies Gadjah Mada University

References

Bahlmann, A.R. (2016). The Mythology of Superhero. McFarland

Bobbio, N. (1979). Gramsci and the conception of civil society. Dalam Chantal, M. (Ed.), Gramsci and Marxist Theory (pp. 21-47). London, England: Routledge.

Boggs, C. (1976). Gramsci’s Marxism. London: Pluto

Campbell, J. (1949). The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Costello, M.J. (2009). Secret Identity Crisis: Comic Books and the Unmasking of Cold War America. New York: Continuum.

Donner & Kinberg. (2003-2019). X-men (film series). United States: 20th Century Fox.

Faruk. (2017). Metode Penelitian Sastra; Sebuah Penjelajahan Awal. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Feist, Jess & Feist, Gregory J. (2008). Theories of Personality Seventh Edition. United States of America: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Femia, J.V. (1987). Gramsci's Political Thought Hegemony, Consciousness, and the Revolutionary Process. Oxford University Press, USA.

Garrett, S. (2012). The Rise of Anti-Hero. Diunduh dari laman www.characterseven.com pada 20 Mei 2020.

Goddard, Drew. (2009). Daredevil. United States: Marvel Television.

Campbell, Martin. (2011). Green Lantern.United States: Warner Bros. Pictures

Gramsci, A. (1976). Selections from the prison Notebooks. (Ed.). Hoare, Q. London, England: Lawrence and Wishart.

Hall, S., Lumley, B., dan McLennan, G. (1977). “Politics and Ideology: Gramsci.†Working Papers in Cultural Studies.

Hoberek, A. (2014). Considering Watchmen: Poetics, Property, Politics. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.

Im, H.B. (1991). Hegemony and Counter-Hegemony in Gramsci. Lynne Ryener Publisher.

Ives, P. (2004). Gramsci’s Politics of Language: Enganging the Bakhtin Circle and Frankfurt School. London: Pluto Press.

Jackson, T.J.L. (1985). The concept of cultural hegemony: Problems and possibilities. American historical review, 90, hal. 567-593.

Jones, S. (2006). Antonio Gramsci. New York: Routledge.

Kafka F., Robertson, R. (ed.). (2009). The Metamorphosis and Other Stories (Oxford World's Classics). New York: Oxford University Press

King, Z.H. (2016). Comic book realism: sincerity, ethics, and the superhero in contemporary American literature. Iowa: University of Iowa.

Miller, Tim. (2016). Deadpool. . Los Angeles: 20th Fox Centuries.

Quinn, J. (2021). Deadpool and the complex 'crisis' of masculinity. In A. J. Carranza (Ed.), Our Fears Made Manifest: Essays on Terror, Trauma and Loss in Film, 1998–2019 McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/our-fears-made-manifest/

Ransome, P. (1992). Antonio Gramsci: A New Introduction. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Reynolds, R. (1994). Super Heroes: A Modern Mythology. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

Simmons, D. (1980). “The Anti-hero in The American Novel: From Joseph Keller to Kurt Vonnegut.â€. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Sartre, J.P. (1969). Nausea. New York: New Direction Paperbook

Sugiyono. (2009). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Verma, G. K; Mallick, K. (1999). “Researching Education: Perspectives and Techniques.†Philadelphia: Falmer Press, Taylor & Francis Inc.

Wellek, Renne Dan Austin Warren. (1990). Teori Kesusastraan (Diterjemahkan. Oleh Melani Budianta). Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.

Weiner, R.G. (2009). Captain America and the Struggle of the Superhero: Critical Essays. London: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers.

Wulandari, T & Firmawan, H. (2019). Swearing Analysis of Characters in Deadpool Movie. Journal of Language and Literature, Universitas Gunadarma. Diunduh dari laman https://ejournal.gunadarma.ac.id/index.php/sastra/article/view/2050.

Zikmund, W.G. (1997). Business Research Method. Vancouver: Harcourt Canada.

Deadpool. 2016. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2588706305/. Diakses pada 19 Mei 2020.

Deadpool. Writers on Working with Ryan Reynolds. Diakses pada 19 Mei 2020.

McGloin, M. 2016. Ryan Reynolds Reflects on Green Lantern; Deadpool Makes Fun. Cosmic Book News. https://cosmicbook.news/content/ryan-reynolds-reflects-green-lantern- Deadpool-makes-fun#axzz405fuvgB1 diakses pada 20 Mei 2020. Diakses pada 1 Juni 2020.

Downloads

Published

2021-11-01